Bit Serial Divider' title='Bit Serial Divider' />Calipers Wikipedia. Caliper with graduated bow 01. A caliper is a device used to measure the distance between two opposite sides of an object. A caliper can be as simple as a compass with inward or outward facing points. The tips of the caliper are adjusted to fit across the points to be measured, the caliper is then removed and the distance read by measuring between the tips with a measuring tool, such as a ruler. Divider+Schematic+8+Bit+Shift+Register+w%2F+Reset+%28Quotient%29.jpg' alt='Bit Serial Divider' title='Bit Serial Divider' />It is used in many fields such as mechanical engineering, metalworking, forestry, woodworking, science and medicine. Nomenclature variantseditA plurale tantum sense of the word calipers coexists in natural usage with the regular noun sense of caliper. That is, sometimes a caliper is treated cognitively like a pair of glasses or a pair of scissors, resulting in a phrase such as hand me those calipers or those calipers are mine in reference to one unit. Also existing colloquially but not in formal usage is referring to a vernier caliper as a vernier or a pair of verniers. In imprecise colloquial usage, some speakers extend this even to dial calipers, although they involve no vernier scale. In machine shop usage, the term caliper is often used in contradistinction to micrometer, even though outside micrometers are technically a form of caliper. In this usage, caliper implies only the form factor of the vernier or dial caliper or its digital counterpart. HistoryeditThe earliest caliper has been found in the Greek. Giglio wreck near the Italian coast. The ship find dates to the 6th century BC. The wooden piece already featured a fixed and a movable jaw. Although rare finds, caliper remained in use by the Greeks and Romans. A bronze caliper, dating from 9 AD, was used for minute measurements during the Chinese Xin dynasty. The caliper had an inscription stating that it was made on a gui you day at new moon of the first month of the first year of the Shijian guo period. The calipers included a slot and pin and graduated in inches and tenths of an inch. The modern vernier caliper, reading to thousandths of an inch, was invented by American Joseph R. Brown in 1. 85. 1. It was the first practical tool for exact measurements that could be sold at a price within the reach of ordinary machinists. The inside calipers are used to measure the internal size of an object. The upper caliper in the image at the right requires manual adjustment prior to fitting. Fine setting of this caliper type is performed by tapping the caliper legs lightly on a handy surface until they will almost pass over the object. A light push against the resistance of the central pivot screw then spreads the legs to the correct dimension and provides the required, consistent feel that ensures a repeatable measurement. The lower caliper in the image has an adjusting screw that permits it to be carefully adjusted without removal of the tool from the workpiece. Outside calipers are used to measure the external size of an object. The same observations and technique apply to this type of caliper, as for the above inside caliper. With some understanding of their limitations and usage, these instruments can provide a high degree of accuracy and repeatability. ICHaus a leading specialist for ASIC,ASSP,monolithic mixedsignal circuits and microsystems. This is a list of device bit rates, is a measure of information transfer rates, or digital bandwidth capacity, at which digital interfaces in a computer or network. Application Report SLAA469 September 2010 Audio Serial Interface Configurations for Audio Codecs Jorge Arbona, Uttam Agarwal. They are especially useful when measuring over very large distances, consider if the calipers are used to measure a large diameter pipe. A vernier caliper does not have the depth capacity to straddle this large diameter while at the same time reach the outermost points of the pipes diameter. They are made from high carbon steel. Divide+Calculation+Latency.jpg' alt='Bit Serial Divider' title='Bit Serial Divider' />Divider calipereditIn the metalworking field, a divider caliper, popularly called a compass, is used in the process of marking out locations. The points are sharpened so that they act as scribers, one leg can then be placed in the dimple created by a center or prick punch and the other leg pivoted so that it scribes a line on the workpieces surface, thus forming an arc or circle. A divider caliper is also used to measure a distance between two points on a map. The two calipers ends are brought to the two points whose distance is being measured. Bit Serial Divider' title='Bit Serial Divider' />The calipers opening is then either measured on a separate ruler and then converted to the actual distance, or it is measured directly on a scale drawn on the map. On a nautical chart the distance is often measured on the latitude scale appearing on the sides of the map one minute of arc of latitude is approximately one nautical mile or 1. Dividers are also used in the medical profession. An ECG also EKG caliper transfers distance on an electrocardiogram in conjunction with the appropriate scale, the heart rate can be determined. A pocket caliper versions was invented by cardiologist Robert A. Mackin. 7Oddleg calipereditOddleg calipers, Hermaphrodite calipers, or Oddleg jennys, as pictured on the left, are generally used to scribe a line a set distance from the edge of a workpiece. The bent leg is used to run along the workpiece edge while the scriber makes its mark at a predetermined distance, this ensures a line parallel to the edge. In the diagram at left, the uppermost caliper has a slight shoulder in the bent leg allowing it to sit on the edge more securely, the lower caliper lacks this feature but has a renewable scriber that can be adjusted for wear, as well as being replaced when excessively worn. Vernier caliperedit. Diagram of Vernier calipers. The labeled parts are. Outside large jaws used to measure external diameter or width of an object. Inside small jaws used to measure internal diameter of an object. Depth proberod used to measure depths of an object or a hole. Main scale Metric scale marked every mm. Main scale Imperial scale marked in inches and fractions. Vernier scale Metric gives interpolated measurements to 0. Vernier scale Imperial gives interpolated measurements in fractions of an inch. Retainer used to block movable part to allow the easy transferring of a measurement. The calipers in the diagram show a primary reading on the metric scale of about 2. Vernier scale. Calipers often have a zero point error, which is when the calipers do not read 0. The zero point error must always be subtracted from the primary reading. Let us assume these calipers have a zero point error of 0. This would give us a length reading of 2. For any measurement, reporting the error on the measurement is also important. Both the primary reading and the zero point reading are bounded by plusminus half the length corresponding to the width of the smallest interval on the Vernier scale 0. These are absolute errors and absolute errors add, so the length reading is then bounded by plusminus the length corresponding to the full width of the smallest interval on the Vernier scale 0. Assuming no systematics affect the measurement the instrument works perfectly, a complete measurement would then read 2. Development As Dom Ebook Pdf Reader more. The vernier, dial, and digital calipers give a direct reading of the distance measured with high accuracy and precision. They are functionally identical, with different ways of reading the result. These calipers comprise a calibrated scale with a fixed jaw, and another jaw, with a pointer, that slides along the scale. The distance between the jaws is then read in different ways for the three types. The simplest method is to read the position of the pointer directly on the scale. When the pointer is between two markings, the user can mentally interpolate to improve the precision of the reading.